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һְҵ壺ŴԱ˵ɳIJԴṩϢǼٵġǡҪ˾ʹ˵ʵDZṩѯ߱ɫжĹ۲õְͨͬҵƣŴԱͻͶʾȡ
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ŴԱҪ߱һIJԼ,֪ʶҪһͳѧ֪ʶ۾ѧ,۾ѧ,ѧԭȻѧ֪ʶ
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ѵûרҵרѧҪѧϰѧѧгӪѧѧѧȿγ̡
飺2ŴҵĹ飻Ҫ߱õͨ
ְҵ
1.õְҵºְҵ,ҵϸѿ,ϹԺҪϸߣ
2.,θ,ھҵ
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1.Ӫࡢޡʡṩѯ
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10.ЭҵƱijжҡֺֹ
ְҵ
1.ͨü
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2,
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4Ӣ,ҵ
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1֪ʶ,صľ飻
2֪ʶ,ѺķҪ
3ƺͽѧ
ְҵظ
һְҵIJ
һΪ1407˹Сڰķ˹ص¹ںӢҲСʮĩʮͳеõձ鷢չ
17ͣһЩƽͨ¸ǮˡΪ˰ȫǮڹĽҪע⣬ǸʱûֽңνǮָŻƽ
ΪʱʵСҡFree coinageƶȣκ˶ѽõҳɽңҳ˿ʹŻƽ𡣵ǺܲңЩûʶҳڹģ붯ҳĻƽ𣬸ֹ
1638꣬ӢĹDzһCharles Iͬո屬սΪ˳ѣҳƽĻƽ𣬴
ȻõĻƽնԭˣǸеҳٰȫˡǣǰǮ浽˽GoldsmithΪǮ˿ƾ֤Ժƾ֤Ϳȡƽ
ܿأǾͷˣҪǮʱҪȡƽֻҪѻƽƾ֤ԷͿˡ
ٺȻԭԼƾ֤ȻлҵЧǵֿջͿʼƾ֤ǣֻҪпͻͬһȡƽ𣬡ƾ֤͵ͬڡƾִ֤СƶȡԴҲǡҴ족ƵԴϵԽûҵŴʵҾһ㡣
ʱ1760ĩִоǸʱġ
ְҵķչ
ҹҶγ˾ʵǮׯֳƱšһʹƵĹǡйͨС1897527գĹ1905괴ġСơС1911иΪйСһֱ
ġн
һ̬н
Ҫǿҵһǵнս,ֱǵн50%ս20%20%,ҪеЧһн2000-3000Ԫ/¡
ԽϺ,һս졢ڷѵȸ
˲
ܳԿ࣬ǿŴԱһ⡣
һĿǰ˲״
ȻҵĿǰҲŸս,ҵķչƻǽΪֹ,ʸҲҵдˮƽ,ҵһнΪ,ҵڿٷչ,˲ŵҲDzӵ,˲ҪҲڲߡ
Ŀǰ˲״
Ӣĵʾڻ˲У82%ѡڱҵԸڻҵ78%ʱҵ70%Լҵ69%ҵ˲źٻҵ֪ʶۣѡҵ֮Ӧģҵרҵ֪ʶгҪʹôҵҵıܵͣΪ20%Զҵ30%ˮƽȫгҵ˲ŽٿҵձȻڻڲϳͳҵԼڻһչҵӪ£ҵԸ˲ŵδҲƽҵҵݣҵ
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